The hydrosphere is the combined mass of water on, under, and over the surface of the earth. In banking and other competitive exams like rrb, cds, lic ao, rbi, ssc, upsc, fci, uiic, oicl, sbi clerks and po the questions on structure and composition of biosphere are being asked. The water of the hydrosphere is distributed among several different stores found in the other spheres. The hydrosphere extends from earths surface downward several kilometers into the lithosphere and upward about 12 kilometers into the atmosphere. This part of the atmosphere continually circulates, so that the principal atmospheric gases are well mixed. The air has a special place among the conditions necessary for life.
The lithospherecontains all of the cold, hard solid land. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Earth system composition and structure of the atmosphere zaitseva nina. Name the sources of information about forces operating inside the earth. Compare the composition, properties and structure of earths atmosphere to include mixture of gases and differences in temperature and pressure within layers. Structure and composition of biosphere ecological system. You will learn the definition of a hydrosphere and take a quiz to test your knowledge. Ifor most purpose, we consider the homosphere virtually the entire atmosphere. Anthropogenic effects role of biosphere in climate a.
The lithosphere includes a various number of different landforms such as mountains, valleys, rocks, minerals and soil. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The hydrosphere means the sum total of all liquid components, i. Structure and composition of biosphere geography study.
Much smaller land areas are occupied by lakes, reservoirs and rivers about 2. Pdf the chemistry of processes in the hydrosphere researchgate. Water is found in vapor, liquid and solid states in the atmosphere. Lake waters constitute a reservoir of freshwater and their composition is dependent. The earths atmosphere protects and sustains the planets inhabitants by providing warmth and absorbing harmful solar rays. The element that is abundant in the hydrosphere is a composition of hydrogen and oxygen. Structure of the atmosphere, conduction, convection, radiation. Compared to the earths radius, the atmosphere appears to be only a very thin layer of gases.
Definition of the hydrosphere if you look at earth from outer space, one thing is obvious. Icse solutions for class 9 geography earths structure. Structure and composition of the atmosphere chemistry. What is the structural composition of hydrosphere 1 free download as word doc. The hydrosphere includes water that is on the surface of the planet, underground, and in the air. Food chain phytoplankton copepod fish squid seal orca f. The hydrosphere is the liquid water component of the earth. This gaseous cover of the earth is known as the atmosphere. Oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earths surface, making them the. Responding to heat from the sun and other influences, water from oceans, rivers, lakes. The load of pollutants discharged in the air is also diluted, chemically modified and is.
The outer layer is the earths crust the lithosphere. As a result, earths atmosphere has a distinctly different composition from that of other. General awareness play a vital role in all examination. The water cycle in the earths hydrosphere allows for the purification of salt water into freshwater. Encyclopedia of life support systems eolss phenomena in the atmosphere and the various techniques used to study them is very wide indeed. Through this process, the water cycle purifies the gaseous atmosphere.
It is the typical structure and composition of earths atmosphere which is responsible for creating conditions suitable for the existence of a healthy biosphere on this planet. Pdf the hydrosphere greek hydor water and sphera sphere refers to the water on. Some amount of water is also found in the rocks and much exists in the form of water vapour in the atmosphere. Hydrosphere, discontinuous layer of water at or near earths surface. Choose your answers to the questions and click next to see the next set of questions. It includes the oceans, seas, lakes, ponds, rivers and streams.
The biosphere, though primarily h2o in composition, contains very little. Earth s atmosphere is composed of about 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 0. Ecosystem habitat, niche and interactions between organisms b. Having covered most of the important concepts in lithosphere and hydrosphere, in this article, we are going to discuss the composition and structure of the earths atmosphere in detail. Geography study notes on structure and composition of. Vertical structure of composition 80km up to 500km heterosphere homosphere dominated by lighter gases with increasing altitude, such as hydrogen and helium. Thus the term includes the oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, snow and ice, underground and atmospheric water. The structure of the atmosphere dictates the way the atmosphere behaves and controls how weather develops near the surface of the earth. The biosphere pyramid equilibrium balance sustainable ecosystem. Structure and composition of lithosphere free download as powerpoint presentation. Since 23 of the earth is covered by water, the earth is also called the blue planet and the watery planet.
Here we have given geography study notes on structure and composition of biosphere for ssc cgl. The structure of hydrosphere out of the 72% of water found in the earth. In other word, all the natural waters occurring on or below the surface of the earth is known as hydrosphere. Feb 17, 2011 the hydrosphere interacts with, and is influenced by, all the other earth spheres. The lithosphere is subdivided into tectonic plates. Composition of life 95% is carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorous, and sulfur. The oceans represent about 71 per cent of the globe and therefore contain the great bulk of the water. Except for water vapor, whose atmospheric abundance varies from practically zero up to 4%, the fractions of the major atmospheric components n 2, o 2, and ar are remarkably uniform below about 100 km. Some 496,000 cubic km about 119,000 cubic miles of water evaporates from the land and ocean surface annually, remaining for about 10 days in the atmosphere before falling as rain or snow. Hydrosphere structure, basic components, interrelationships, global hydrological cycle, role of individual components. The hydrosphere interacts with, and is influenced by, all the other earth spheres. They include the physics of the atmosphere, synoptic meteorology, dynamic. Information about forces operating inside the earth is taken by the study of seismic waves, materials thrown up by volcanoes and.
Chapter 1 composition and structure of the atmosphere understanding weather and climate aguado and burt 12008 version atmo 0 definitions atmosphere the gases, droplets and particles surrounding the earths surface. Icse solutions for class 9 geography earths structure icse solutionsselina icse solutionsml aggarwal solutions exercises i. The uppermost part of the lithosphere that chemically reacts to the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere through the soil forming process is called the pedosphere. Earths structure shortcut the earth is made up of several concentric layers. The inorganic metabolites required by living organisms. Overview of water pollution university of richmond. It includes all liquid and frozen surface waters, groundwater held in soil and rock, and atmospheric water vapour. Oceans and seas are the prevailing components of the hydrosphere on the earth. Hydrosphere plays an important role in the existence of the atmosphere in its present form. Atmosphere our planet earth is enveloped by a deep blanket of gases extending several thousands of kilometres above its surface. Vuglinsky state hydrological institute, russian federation,russia keywords. Due to these changes development of living world take place on the earth. Composition and structure of the earths atmosphere. The solid component of earth is called lithosphere.
Pdf water is by far the most abundant liquid on earth. Atmosphere composition and structure notes the domain of air on the earth geography 9 atmosphere composition and structure earth is a unique planet because the life is found only on this planet. Habitat where an organism lives, its environment 2. Heat in the atmospherehydrosphere system soest hawaii. Fish and wildlife servicecraig blacklock the hydrosphere, like the atmosphere, is always in motion. Without the protective layer of gases that make up earths atmosphere, the harsh conditions of the solar system would render the planet a barren, lifeless husk like the moon. Structure of the hydrosphere learn with flashcards, games, and more for free. The earths surface is composed into two types of lithospheres. The hydrosphere greek hydor water and sphera sphere refers to the water on or. The hydrologic, or water, cycle is one of the basic processes in nature. The way the atoms join together, or create the structure of the molecule, produces that water has fundamental properties for the development of life on earth.
Soils have properties of color, texture and composition. At greater heights, diffusion becomes the principal transport process, and the lighter gases become relatively more abundant. Earths environmental spheres earths environment includes the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the lithosphere, and the biosphere. Thus, the composition of groundwaters strongly reflects the types of rock minerals that the waters have encountered in their movement through the subsurface. The most exciting phrase to hear in science, the one that heralds new discoveries, is not eureka. The main divisions of the atmosphere are defined by the elevations at which the sign of the temperature gradient changes. The cycle operates by exchanging carbon between hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. Earth system nikita glazovsky encyclopedia of life support systems eolss up to about 100 km the atmosphere is fairly homogeneous in its chemical composition. The crust is the outermost solid layer of the earth. Earths structure basic definition, examples, diagrams. The presentday water cycle at earths surface is made up of several parts. Atmosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere with diagram.
Outline of topics 1 the hydrosphere the hydrologic cycle. However, the composition of atmosphere and so also its structure is variable in time and space. By far the most important overall process for the major constituents of groundwater is that of mineralwater reactions, which were briefly described above in river and ocean waters. It regulates the temperature of the planet by transporting energy by means of sensible heat and latent heat. Hence the layer lining the continents floor is called. Structure of the atmosphere north carolina climate office. The lithospherecontains all of the cold, hard solid land of the. It consists of all nonliving elements which are essential for the survival of all living organisms. We commonly think of gas molecules as moving about in a completely random manner, but the earths gravitational field causes downward motions to be very slightly favored so that the molecules in any thin layer of the air collide more frequently with those in the layer below. The vertical structure of atmosphere is very much related to radiant energy absorption and thus can be described in terms of variable of temperature. Niche interactions of an organism with its habitat 3.
Chapter 1 composition and structure of the atmosphere. The composition of water, its temperature and ph value was analyzed in experiments with modelling of primary hydrosphere and possible conditions for origin of first organic forms in hot mineral water. The hydrosphere greek hydor water and sphera sphere refers to the water on or surrounding the surface of the globe, as distinguished from those of the lithosphere the solid upper crust of the. Hydrosphere structure, basic components, interrelationships, global hydrological cycle, role of individual components contents 1. It is composed of different types of rocks which, as a whole, has the density and composition of granite. Mechanically, it can be divided into lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesospheric mantle, outer core, and the inner core. Elements and minerals necessary for animal functions e. Hydrosphere structure and its relationship to the global. Earths lithosphere includes the crust and the uppermost mantle, which constitute the hard and rigid outer layer of the earth. All of these trace gases have important effects on earth s climate. Ice consists a pure solid and has thus only few impurities in its structure. The hydrosphere is a major habitat which actively influences the distribution of chemical. Parts of the earths crust immersed under the oceans and seas form the hydrosphere. A surfer rides a wave in the pacific ocean near big sur, california.
Dec 31, 2015 atmosphere our planet earth is enveloped by a deep blanket of gases extending several thousands of kilometres above its surface. A presentation on the structure and composition of lithosphere. A small portion of the water in the hydrosphere is fresh nonsalty. This is a bundle of 5 lessons to teach middle school or high school students about the structure, composition, and layers of the atmosphere, as well as weather, atmospheric cycles, and climate change. What is the structural composition of hydrosphere 1 oceans earth. The hydrosphere, or water sphere, mostly covers the depressions of the lithosphere. A hydrosphere is the total amount of water on a planet. It is a term used for the total body of water of the earth. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Hydrosphere what is, characteristics, how it was formed. The hydrosphere is made up of the water bodies on the surface of the earth. Composition and structure of the earths atmosphere clear ias. Meteorology the science that studies the atmosphere and its processes.
The hydrosphere covers about 70% of the surface of the earth and is the home for many plants and animals. Clearias team has been receiving a lot of support and encouragement from our loving readers for our easytounderstand articles on geography. Chemically, earth can be divided into the crust, upper mantle, lower mantle, outer core, and inner core. Overview of water pollution structure and composition of the hydrosphere overview of water pollution 1 27. Although earths hydrosphere has been around for about 4 billion years, it continues to change in shape. Thus, hydrosphere includes two major biocycles, the freshwater and marine. Structure and composition of lithosphere rock geology. Thus the term includes the oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, snow and ice, underground and.
These engaging worksheets, diagrams, and activities are designed to facilitate independent learning. The crust is relatively thin and has probably been recycled and destroyed by strong tectonic movements and impacts of asteroids that were common in the early solar system. Mineral nutrients, gases and water are three basic requirements of organic life. Water is the most abundant substance at the surface of earth.
The hydrosphere is the combined mass of water found on, under, and above the surface of a. The lithosphere is constantly changing due to forces and pressures such as the sun, wind, ice, water and chemical changes. The hydrosphere contains all the solid, liquid, and gaseous water of the planet. Basharat mushtaq the ionosphere is defined by atmospheric effects on radiowave propagation as a result of the presence and variation in concentration of free electrons in the atmosphere ionosphere dregion is about 35 to 55 miles 60 90 km in altitude but disappears at night. The envelope of air around the earth forms the atmosphere. The chemical formulas at the right show the major species of interest in the various regions.